Archaeological Site of Ollantaytambo | Cusco
Ollantaytambo is located in the Sacred Valley of the Incas, in the region of Cusco, Peru. More specifically, it is located at the northern end of the Sacred Valley, about 60 kilometers northwest of the city of Cusco. It is a picturesque Andean town surrounded by mountains and crossed by the Urubamba River. Ollantaytambo is known for its impressive Inca archaeological site, which includes agricultural terraces, temples, plazas and a fortress, and is a popular tourist destination in the region. In addition to its historical and archaeological importance, Ollantaytambo is also an important starting point for those wishing to make the multi-day trek along the Inca Trail to Machu Picchu.
The name “Ollantaytambo” has roots in the Quechua language, the language of the Incas and still spoken by some communities in Peru. The word “Ollantay” refers to a legendary character of the Inca culture named Ollantay, while “tambo” means “resting place” or “lodging”. Therefore, Ollantaytambo can be roughly translated as “Ollantay’s resting place” or “Ollantay’s lodging”.
The story of Ollantay is related to a famous Inca legend known as “Ollantay”. According to the legend, Ollantay was a warrior of common origin who fell in love with the daughter of a powerful Inca ruler. Despite the opposition of the social classes, Ollantay fought for his love and defied the ruler. Ollantay’s story has been preserved through oral traditions and artistic representations in the Andean region, and Ollantaytambo is named in honor of this legendary figure.
History of the Ollantaytambo Archaeological Site
The archaeological site of Ollantaytambo has a rich and fascinating history dating back to the time of the Inca Empire in the 15th century. Here is a summary of its history:
- Inca Foundation
Ollantaytambo was built by the Inca Pachacutec during the height of the Inca Empire in the fifteenth century. It was one of the last and most important centers built by the Incas before the arrival of the Spanish. The strategic location of Ollantaytambo in the Sacred Valley of the Incas made it an important administrative, military and religious center.
Architectural Complex: Ollantaytambo is known for its impressive Inca architecture, which includes agricultural terraces, temples, plazas, water channels and a fortress. The structure of the complex reflects the advanced urban planning of the Incas and their ability to work with stone.
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Ollantaytambo Fortress
One of the most outstanding features of the archaeological site is the Ollantaytambo fortress, a large stone structure located on top of a hill overlooking the town. This fortress served a defensive and ceremonial function and was the scene of an important battle between the Incas and the Spanish during the conquest.
- Inca Resistance
During the Spanish conquest, Ollantaytambo was one of the places where the Incas most strongly resisted the advance of the conquerors. In 1536, the Inca leader Manco Inca Yupanqui used the Ollantaytambo fortress as a refuge and base of operations during the resistance against the Spanish.
- Colonial Reuse
After the Spanish conquest, the Spanish conquistadors reused some of Ollantaytambo’s Inca structures to construct colonial buildings. However, much of the archaeological site remained intact and has been preserved to this day.
In summary, the archaeological site of Ollantaytambo is an impressive display of Inca ingenuity and skill in construction and urban planning. Its history as an administrative, military and religious center, as well as its role during the Spanish conquest, make it an important tourist destination in the Sacred Valley of the Incas in Peru.
How to get to Ollantaytambo?
Getting to Ollantaytambo is relatively simple as it is a major tourist destination in the Sacred Valley of the Incas region of Peru. Here are some common options for getting there:
- By bus from Cusco
The cheapest way to get to Ollantaytambo from Cusco is to take a bus. Buses leave regularly from Cusco’s Terminal Terrestre and the trip to Ollantaytambo usually takes about 1.5 to 2 hours, depending on traffic and road conditions.
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By cab or private service
If you prefer more comfort and convenience, you can take a cab from Cusco to Ollantaytambo. You can also hire a private transportation service, which can be a more comfortable option if you are traveling in a group or with heavy luggage. The trip by cab or private service usually takes about 1 to 1.5 hours.
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By organized tour
Many travel agencies in Cusco offer organized tours to the Sacred Valley that include a visit to Ollantaytambo. These tours usually include transportation from your hotel in Cusco, as well as entrance to the archaeological site and expert guidance. This option may be convenient if you wish to visit other places in the Sacred Valley besides Ollantaytambo.
- By train from Cusco or Aguas Calientes
If you are arriving from Machu Picchu or if you plan to visit Machu Picchu after Ollantaytambo, you can take a train from Ollantaytambo train station to Aguas Calientes, the closest base town to Machu Picchu. From Aguas Calientes, you can take another train back to Ollantaytambo or continue your journey to Cusco.
These are some of the most common options for getting to Ollantaytambo from Cusco or other nearby destinations in the Sacred Valley of the Incas. Depending on your travel preferences, you can choose the option that best suits your needs and budget.
Recommendations for visiting Ollantaytambo
Here are some recommendations to make your visit to Ollantaytambo even more rewarding:
- Dress appropriately
Ollantaytambo is located in a mountainous region, so the weather can be variable. It is recommended to wear comfortable and warm clothing, as well as appropriate footwear for walking, as you will be exploring uneven and steep terrain.
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Protect yourself from the sun and the weather
The sun at high altitudes can be intense, so don’t forget to bring sunscreen, a hat or cap and a light jacket or raincoat in case of rain.
- Buy the tourist ticket
To enter the archaeological site of Ollantaytambo, you will need to buy a tourist ticket that allows you access to several archaeological sites and museums in the Cusco region and the Sacred Valley. This ticket can be purchased at the Cusco Tourist Office or at the archaeological sites included in the ticket.
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Hire a tour guide
Consider hiring the services of a local tour guide for a more enriching experience during your visit. A guide can provide you with detailed information about the history, architecture and culture of Ollantaytambo, which will help you better appreciate the site.
- Explore at your leisure
Ollantaytambo is a place with a lot of history and culture to explore. Take your time to walk around the archaeological site, enjoy the panoramic views and learn about the Inca civilization. Don’t rush and enjoy the peaceful and majestic atmosphere of the place.
- Respect the environment
Help preserve the natural and cultural beauty of Ollantaytambo by respecting the rules and regulations of the site. Do not leave garbage, do not touch or damage the archaeological structures and respect the local flora and fauna during your visit.
By following these recommendations, you will be able to fully enjoy your visit to Ollantaytambo and appreciate its historical and architectural importance as one of the most impressive archaeological sites in the Sacred Valley of the Incas in Peru.
