Kotosh – The Temple of the Crossed Hands | Huanuco
Location
The Kotosh – The Temple of the Crossed Hands | Huanuco is located in the archaeological site of Kotosh, in the department of Huanuco, Peru. Huanuco is located in the central region of Peru, in the area of the Central Andes. The closest city to the archaeological site is Huanuco, the capital of the department of the same name. From the city of Huanuco, the archaeological site of Kotosh can be reached in approximately 15-20 minutes by car. The site is open to the public and is a popular destination for tourists interested in ancient history and Peruvian culture.
Features
- Carved Crossed Hands: The most notable feature of the temple are the stone columns carved with representations of crossed hands. These hands have a ritual or symbolic meaning that is still debated among archaeologists.
- Inverted “T” Columns: In addition to the crossed hands, the temple has inverted “T” columns. These columns are unique in pre-Inca architecture and are believed to have a ceremonial or structural purpose.
- Ceremonial Altars: Ceremonial altars have been found inside the temple, indicating that it was a place of religious and ritual importance for the culture that built it.
- Antiquity: The Temple of the Crossed Hands dates back to pre-ceramic times, making it one of the oldest archaeological sites in Peru and the Central Andes, with a history dating back more than 4,000 years.
- Strategic Location: Kotosh is strategically located in a fertile region between the Huallaga and Huanuco river valleys, suggesting that it may have been an important center for agriculture and trade in ancient times.
History
The history of the Temple of the Crossed Hands in Kotosh is closely related to the development of the pre-Inca civilization in the Central Andes of Peru. Here is a summary of its history:
- Ancient Origins: Kotosh is one of the oldest archaeological sites in Peru, with evidence of human occupation dating back more than 4,000 years. During the pre-ceramic period (before the development of pottery), this region was inhabited by groups of hunter-gatherers who gradually began to settle and practice agriculture.
- Development of Civilization: Over time, society in Kotosh evolved into a more complex culture, characterized by the construction of ceremonial monuments and the development of elaborate religious and ritual practices. The Temple of the Crossed Hands is an outstanding example of this ceremonial architecture.
- Ritual Significance: The crossed hands carved on the columns of the temple are an important symbol whose exact meaning is not yet fully understood. It is believed that they may be related to ritual or religious practices of the culture that built the temple, but their exact interpretation is still under investigation.
- Cultural Contact: The Kotosh region was located in a zone of interaction between different cultural groups in the Central Andes. This led to cultural and commercial exchanges, which may have influenced the architecture and religious practices of the area.
- Decline and Abandonment: Like many other ancient civilizations, society at Kotosh eventually went into decline and the site was abandoned. The exact reasons for this decline are still unclear and may have been the result of factors such as climatic changes, internal conflicts or external pressures.
what does the crossed hands mean?
The exact meaning of the crossed hands carved on the Temple of the Crossed Hands at Kotosh is not yet fully understood, as it has been the subject of debate among archaeologists and experts in pre-Inca culture. However, several interpretations have been proposed: Religious or Ritual Symbol: Many believe that the crossed hands may have a religious or ritual significance. They could represent offerings, prayers, or some kind of ceremonial gesture important to the culture that built the temple.
Manifestation of Power or Authority: Some suggest that the crossed hands could represent the power or authority of religious or political leaders of the time. They could be a symbol of connection with the divine or a way to legitimize the power of a ruling elite.
Symbolism of Union or Community: Another interpretation is that the crossed hands could symbolize union or community between different social groups. They could represent the idea that people worked together in harmony for religious or social purposes.
Mystical or Cosmological Meaning: Some researchers suggest that the crossed hands could have a deeper meaning in terms of the cosmovision of the pre-Inca culture. They could be related to beliefs about cosmic order or the connection between the earthly and spiritual worlds.
How to get there?
To get to the Temple of the Crossed Hands in Kotosh from Huanuco, you can follow these directions:
- By car: The most convenient way to get there is by car. From the center of Huanuco, take the road that takes you northeast towards the city of Tingo Maria. After approximately 6 kilometers, you will see signs that will guide you to the archeological site of Kotosh. The total distance is approximately 15-20 minutes by car.
- Public transportation: You can also use public transportation, such as minibuses or colectivos, which cover the route between Huanuco and Tingo Maria. You can board one of these vehicles at the Huanuco bus terminal and ask to be dropped off at the turnoff to Kotosh. From there, you can walk to the archaeological site, which is a short distance away.
- Organized tour: Another option is to join an organized tour that includes a visit to the Temple of the Crossed Hands in Kotosh. Many tour agencies in Huanuco offer excursions to this archaeological site, which can be a convenient option if you prefer not to worry about transportation logistics.
Recommendation
Prior Research: Before your visit, research the history and culture of Kotosh and the pre-Inca civilization in general. This will help you better appreciate the significance and importance of the archaeological site.
Expert Guidance: Consider hiring a local tour guide or expert archaeologist who can provide you with detailed information about the temple and its historical context. They can provide you with a deeper perspective and answer your questions about the site.
Respect for Heritage: Show respect for the archaeological site and its natural surroundings. Follow the directions on signs and established rules for the visit, and avoid damaging or disturbing structures and artifacts.
Appropriate Equipment and Clothing: Be prepared to walk and explore the archaeological site, which may include uneven terrain and variable weather conditions. Bring comfortable shoes, sunscreen, a hat, and water to keep hydrated.
Responsible Photography: If you plan to take photographs during your visit, be sure to do so in a responsible and respectful manner. Avoid touching or interfering with archaeological structures and respect any photography restrictions that may be in place.
Cultural Interaction: If you have the opportunity, interact with the local community and learn more about their culture and traditions. This can enrich your experience and give you a more complete perspective of Kotosh’s history and legacy.
