Sacred City of Caral | Lima

Sacred City of Caral | Lima

Caral is an archaeological site located in the province of Barranca, in the region of Lima, Peru. It is approximately 200 kilometers north of the city of Lima, the capital of the country. Caral is known to be the site of the oldest known civilization in the Americas, with evidence of occupation dating from around 2600 to 2000 BC.

The altitude of Caral varies according to the specific location within the archaeological site. However, in general terms, Caral is located at an altitude of around 350 meters above sea level. This places it in a moderate altitude zone on the central coast of Peru.

History of the Sacred City of Caral | Lima

Caral is an archaeological site that houses the remains of the oldest known civilization in the Americas, known as the Caral-Supe Civilization. Here is a summary of its history:

1. Period of occupation: Caral was occupied by the Caral-Supe civilization between approximately 2600 and 2000 BC, making it one of the oldest urban settlements in the Americas. During this period, Caral was an important center of political, social and religious activity in the region.
2. Discovery and excavations: Although local farmers knew of the existence of the ruins, Caral was rediscovered by Peruvian archaeologist Ruth Shady Solis in the 1990s. Since then, extensive excavations have been carried out that have revealed the impressive architecture and complexity of the Caral-Supe civilization.
3. Architectural features: Caral has a series of stepped pyramids, ceremonial plazas, platforms, residences and irrigation canals. The pyramids of the Huaca del Aguila, the Huaca de las Ventanas and the Great Pyramid of Caral stand out, the latter being the largest structure of the site.
4. Social and religious organization: Archaeological evidence suggests that Caral was a highly organized society, with a defined social hierarchy and a complex religious system. Findings include ceremonial objects, such as bone flutes and conch shells, as well as evidence of rituals and religious ceremonies.
5. Decline and abandonment: Although the exact reason for the decline of Caral-Supe is still under debate, it is believed that factors such as climate change, deforestation and possible internal conflicts may have contributed to the abandonment of the site around 2000 BC.

In summary, Caral is a fascinating archaeological site that offers a window into one of the oldest civilizations in the Americas. Its discovery and study have provided valuable information on the origins and development of complex societies in the Andean region.

What to see in Caral?

In the archaeological zone of Caral, there are several structures and areas that are worth visiting to get a complete understanding of this ancient civilization. Here are some of the main things to see in Caral:

• The Great Pyramid of Caral

Also known as the Great Pyramid of Caral, this imposing structure is one of the most prominent in the archaeological site. It is the largest structure at Caral and served as the ceremonial and administrative center of the city.

• Pyramid of the Huaca del Aguila

This stepped pyramid is characterized by its design in the form of a truncated pyramid and its decoration with reliefs of birds and other zoomorphic figures. It is one of the highlights of the visit to Caral.

• Pyramid of the Huaca de las Ventanas

Another important step pyramid in Caral, the Huaca de las Ventanas, receives its name from the window-shaped openings found in its structure. This archaeological site is important both for its architecture and for its cultural and religious significance.

• Ceremonial plazas and residential areas

In addition to the pyramids, Caral has several ceremonial plazas and residential areas that offer an insight into the urban layout and daily life of the Caral-Supe civilization.

• Caral Site Museum

Before entering the archaeological zone, it is advisable to visit the Caral Site Museum, where artifacts and archaeological finds found in the area are exhibited. This can help you contextualize and better understand what you will see during your visit to the archaeological site.

• Landscape and natural environment

In addition to the archaeological structures, Caral is located in an impressive natural environment, surrounded by desert and mountainous landscapes. Taking time to appreciate the natural environment can also be part of the experience.

These are just some of the things to see in the Caral archaeological zone. Each structure and area offers a unique insight into the ancient Caral-Supe civilization and its legacy in the history of the Americas.

How to get to Caral?

To get to Caral, you can follow these steps:

1. Travel to Lima: Caral is located in the province of Barranca, in the Lima region of Peru. Therefore, your first step is to get to the city of Lima, the Peruvian capital.
2. Transportation from Lima to Caral: From Lima, you can take a bus or a private car to get to Caral. The most common route is to travel north on the Panamerican Highway (Carretera Panamericana Norte) towards the city of Barranca.
3. Arrival in Barranca: Once you arrive in Barranca, you can take a cab or local public transportation to get to Caral. The distance between Barranca and Caral is approximately 25 kilometers, and the trip usually takes about 45 minutes to an hour.
4. Access to the archaeological site: Once in Caral, you must go to the archaeological site. There, you can buy your entrance tickets and join a guided tour to explore the site. Please note that it is mandatory to enter the archaeological zone with an authorized guide.
5. Guided tour: During your visit to Caral, you will have the opportunity to explore the various structures and areas of the archaeological site, while learning about the history and culture of the Caral-Supe civilization.

Remember that Caral is a popular tourist destination in Peru, so we recommend planning your trip in advance, especially if you plan to visit during the high season. Also, check visit schedules and available services prior to your arrival to ensure a smooth experience.

Recommendations for visiting Caral

Here are some recommendations to visit Caral and make the most of your experience:

1. Book in advance: Before your visit, be sure to check opening hours and book your tour or entrance to the archaeological site in advance. Caral is a protected site and it is mandatory to enter with an authorized guide.
2. Arrive early: Try to arrive early in the morning to avoid the crowds and midday heat. Also, keep in mind that guided tours usually start early, so arrive in plenty of time to register and prepare.
3. Wear comfortable and appropriate clothing: Since Caral is located in a desert region, be sure to wear light, comfortable clothing and sturdy walking shoes. Don’t forget to bring sun protection, a hat and water to stay hydrated during your visit.
4. Respect the rules and regulations: Follow your guide’s instructions and respect the rules of the archaeological site. Do not touch or take any objects from the site, and avoid damaging structures or leaving trash.
5. Listen carefully to your guide: Guides are trained to provide detailed information about the history, architecture and culture of Caral. Take the opportunity to ask questions and learn more about this fascinating archaeological site.
6. Explore with caution: When walking around the archaeological site, be careful not to trip or fall, especially on stairs or uneven areas. Keep a safe distance from structures and follow your guide’s directions at all times.
7. Enjoy the natural environment: In addition to the archaeological structures, Caral is located in a stunning natural setting, surrounded by desert and mountainous landscapes. Take time to appreciate the beauty of the landscape as you explore the site.

By following these recommendations, you will be well prepared to enjoy a memorable experience at Caral, discovering the secrets of one of the oldest civilizations in the Americas.

Sacred City of Caral | Lima